Better management of Sonchus oleraceus L. (common sowthistle) based on the weed's ecology

Abstract

Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) was recently identified in a survey as the most common weed of the sub-tropical grain region of Australia. In addition, the weed was identified as having a moderate risk of developing resistance to glyphosate, while populations already have resistance to Group B herbicides. Hence, S. oleraceus is a weed that not only requires better management but also strategies that reduce the risk of resistance to herbicides. Weed ecology was investigated closely to assist devising management strategies. In particular, seed germination, emergence, persistence, dormancy, and production, as well as plant morphology, competition in crop, and response to tillage were studied. The characteristics that are important for better management of this weed are the weed's prolific seed production, the ability of this seed to germinate all year round and the ability of the weed to grow and produce seed across diverse environments. An integrated and sustainable approach to management of S. oleraceus should include growing competitive crops, strategic tillage, follow up herbicide applications, and rotation of herbicide groups especially for Group B and M herbicides.