Planning and facilitating a 'negotiated learning and action system': participatory research to improve soil management practices on Indian Vertisols and Alfisols

Abstract

This chapter illustrates a negotiated learning and action system research process based on the notions of participatory learning and systems thinking to provide insights gained from planning and facilitating this learning system. The need for participatory research in Vertisol and Alfisol management in India is highlighted. To illustrate the components of action research, selected parts of the participatory research are illustrated in terms of the planning, actions, observations and reflections that took place during the research process. To design the participatory research process, a '5P framework' was developed consisting of paradigm, purpose, principles, people and process.